Roles and Activities of a Manager- Comparison of Theories

Roles and Activities of a Manager- Comparison of Theories Hayley Work    The main roles and activities of a manager are: Managers should run an organisation by organising structures, people and finances. Peter Drucker identified five activities of a manager, these are; Setting objectives- Robin Fraser is responsible for all production and quality assurance he aims to make processes less labour intensive and more automated. In order to achieve this, he has secured a investment from the bank and plans to use these funds to increase automation.[1] Organising- Hazim Khan analyses sales trends of different products and after assessing customer feedback in order to make sure that the company keeps with the changing market. Hazim is in charge of a team of chefs who develop new products and recipes.[2] Motivating and communicating- Hazim also demonstrates this activity, he allows his team of chefs to work independently on their ideas but regularly meets with them to discuss any problems and ideas.[3] Measuring- Laura Bolton is focused on the companys finances and keeps an eye on the cash flow of the business. [4] Developing- Kathryn Hannah encourages staff to undertake training in order the ensure that staff have all the skills that the business requires.[5] Henry Mintzberg identified ten management roles which are then divided up into three categories. Category Roles Manager Interpersonal Figurehead Leader Liaison David Fraser Informational Monitor Disseminator Spokesperson Kathryn Hannah Laura Bolton Hazim Khan Decisional Entrepreneur Disturbance Handler Resource Allocator Negotiator Robin Fraser Hazim Khan Measuring managerial effectiveness Fraser Foods can measure managerial effectiveness by motivation and morale of the staff, this would be put to good use in the shop floor. Here the work is repetitive and can be challenging due to the temperatures needed to produce hygienic food. The teams are set targets but have the freedom to decide how they will achieve this, working this way has increased staff morale and flexibility. [6] Another way to measure managerial effectiveness would be by the level of complaints. Fraser Foods could distribute anonymous feedback forms asking questions about how the staff feel about the manager and why. The company would then be able to grasp how well the manager is performing. Behavioural theory of leadership. Macgregors Theory X and Theory Y both assume the behaviours of different management styles. A Theory X manager assumes that staff dislikes work, need directed, avoid any responsibility, dull, uncreative, have no desire, see money as the only motivation for work and view goals and objectives as caging. [7] David Fraser could be described as a Theory X manager, David also felt it was his role to make all the decisions affecting production. He didnt see the need to involve staff and believed they preferred to be told what to do and didnt want the responsibility that was the managers job, not theirs. He believed staff were motivated by money and should be paid bonuses if targets were exceeded[8] Contingency theory of leadership A contingency theory is based on the belief that there is no style of leadership that is applicable to all situations that may arise within a company. Hersey and Blanchards theory was based on the leader adopting an appropriate style of leadership depending on the members in the team and the situation they have found themselves in. In accordance with their theory a leader can adopt one of four styles depending on how much support the team requires and the amount of direction.[9] The four styles (known as S1-S4) are: Telling- This leadership style is categorised as giving a lot of direction to team members. This style is recommended for use when dealing with new staff or where the work can be tedious and repetitive. Selling- This is sometimes known as the coaching approach. It is used when team members are motivated to carry out the work but dont quite have the needed maturity to complete the task. Participating- This style encompasses high support but hardly any direction, it is used when team members are able to do the tasks required but maybe lack the confidence. Delegating- The responsibility for carrying out the task is given to team members, this style requires high levels of maturity and competence. David Fraser mostly adopts the telling style (S1) as he felt it was his role as the boss to make all decisions. Hazim Khan style of leadership fits into S2-S4 he does this by allowing his team of chefs to use their talents to create new products for the company. He regularly meets with his team of chefs to discuss and help to solve any issues that have arisen. Theories of leadership and the proposed expansion plans Bennis and Nanus state that there is no one right way to being a leader, but that each has to find their own style. They did however, identify common characteristics: A visions to focus minds Communicating the vision Consistency and honesty Awareness of weakness Bennis and Nanus also state that effective leadership can move organisations from current to future state, create visions of potential opportunities for organisations.[10] The managers of Fraser Foods must ensure that they effectively and clearly communicate to the staff, the vision that they have for the company such as reducing their heavy reliance on the supplier, Perkins. [11]Robin must also effectively communicate his vision for increasing automation as the staff feel anxious about the impact this will have on their jobs. He must also be honest with the staff in order to ease their worries and make them feel involved in the process. [12] Bibliography   Case study paragraph 24 2 Case study paragraph 13 3 Case study paragraph 13 4 Case study paragraph 14 5 Case study paragraph 15 6 Case study paragraph 16 7 Student notes 8 Case study paragraph 12 9 Student notes 10 Student notes 11 Case study paragraph 18 12 Case study paragraph 24 [1] Case study paragraph 24 [2] Case study paragraph 13 [3] Case study paragraph 13 [4] Case study paragraph 14 [5] Case study paragraph 15 [6] Case study paragraph 16 [7] Student notes [8] Case study paragraph 12 [9] Student notes [10] Student notes [11] Case study paragraph 18 [12] Case study paragraph 24

Speech: Stop Bullying in the U.S.

Six months ago I read about a cheerful, vivacious, ten-year-old girl, Ashlynn Connor, an honor roll student and a cheerleader, who dreamed of becoming a veterinarian. However, one year ago, Ashlynn’s dreams came to an abrupt end. One year ago, Ashlynn’s sister found her dead, hanging from a scarf in her bedroom closet. One year ago, Ashlynn Conner committed suicide. This ten-year-old girl felt so desperate, so alone, so hopeless, that she took her own life. Ashlynn Conner killed herself because she was bullied.Her classmates called her ‘whore’, ‘slut’, and ‘fat ass’ every day. Every day she was rejected, humiliated, and harassed by her classmates. And sadly, no one stopped it. Her friends didn’t stop it, her teacher didn’t stop it, no one stopped it, so Ashlynn stopped it the only way she knew how. This is just one instance of a pervasive problem. Every year, ten million students in the United States are bullied; 2 mi llion are cyber bullied, 3. 5 million are physically bullied, and 4. 5 million are verbally bullied.Beyond the immediate effects of sadness and hurt, many victims hurt themselves, drop out of school, act violently, get involved with drugs, commit suicide, and develop depression. And this doesn’t just affect a few of us; it affects all of us. All of us have friends, or cousins, or nephews, or nieces, or brothers, or sisters, or kids who will one day attend, or who currently attend school. With the prevalence of bullying, there is a very high chance that someone you care about will encounter a bully, that someone you care about will be bullied, and that someone you care about will get hurt.Take a moment to imagine what it would be like. Imagine what it would be like for someone you loved to be laughed at, pushed around, to have her head shoved into a locker, to be ignored by her peers, to find a note in her desk with the word ‘loser’ written on it. Imagine how upse t you would be. It is our responsibility, as students and as human beings, to help these kids. When Ashlynn was bullied, nobody stood up for her. She went to her teachers for help; they told her to stop tattling.She went to her friends for help; they told her they were too scared to help. This is very common. Teachers often overlook bullying, ignore bullying, or respond to bullying ineffectively, while students, on the other hand, allow bullying to continue because they are afraid of becoming targets themselves, or because they think someone else will intervene, or because they don’t know any better. Teachers and students rarely intervene when it comes to bullying. According to national anti-bullying organizations, only 15 % of bullying incidents are intervened in. 5%. In school, 15% is an F, a failure. And that’s what this is; this is a failure. Teachers and fellow students are failing to stand up for the bullied. Our society is failing to stand up for the bullied. Te n million kids are bullied every year, and nobody is standing up for them. It is evident that we cannot leave things as they are. Millions of kids are being bullied, and nobody is stopping it. We must encourage teachers and students to step in and speak up.We must educate them about the costs of bullying, and teach them how to stop it. We must take action. Fortunately, two organizations, Champions Against Bullying and Pacer’s National Bullying Prevention Center are taking action. Each organization has a unique approach. Champions Against Bullying offers in person workshops for students and schoolteachers where they learn what bullying is, what its costs are, how to prevent it, and how to stop it when it does occur. Pacer’s takes a different approach.It provides online resources such as toolkits, action plans, and learning games that teachers use to educate their students. YOU can increase the influence of each of these organizations. You can tell your friends, tell you r family, and tell your local schoolteachers. You can donate or volunteer by going to championsagainstbullying. com or www. pacer. org/bullying. If we do this, we will strengthen the anti-bullying movement. If we do this, we can look forward to a future where people do not tolerate any form of bullying, and kids are accepted for who they are.Once it was acceptable to use the word homo, to use the word fag, to use the word retard, to use the word Jap, to have segregated schools, segregated housing, to smoke at work, to not wear seat belts. These things are no longer acceptable because people, people like us, decided they are unacceptable. And if we work hard enough, we can make bullying unacceptable too. Ashlynn dreamed of becoming a veterinarian. I think Ashlynn's had another dream, a dream of a future in which she wasn't bullied, a dream of a time when bullying was no longer tolerated.We can help Ashlynn’s other dream come true. We can make bullying unacceptable. I look forw ard to a future where  EVERYONE will be treated graciously. I look forward to a future where  kids like Ashlynn will not have to die in order to stop being bullied. I look forward to a future where  people will stand up for those put down. I want a future in which my children are not at risk of being bullied, a future in which your children are not at risk of being bullied. We can make Ashlynn's other dream come true. (pause) If we want to.

Police Brutality Essay - 1359 Words

Police Brutality When one thinks of police misconduct many not too distant stories might go through our heads. Most adults will remember how they felt when they saw the brutal beating of Rodney King on their local news station; or the outrage they experienced when they heard that the evidence in the OJ Simpson trial had been tampered with. But thanks to new guidelines, procedures and even civilian groups who now â€Å"police† the police, instances of police misconduct may soon start seeing a decline. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the past police misconduct was loosely defined, if at all. But with recent cases receiving so much news coverage legal definitions have been worked out. The term â€Å"police deviance† includes brutality,†¦show more content†¦The officers were investigating a burglary when they happened upon the multi-millionaire and Notre Dame graduate. An investigation by the familys attorney revealed that DuBose cooperated with the officers investigation until they began to quot;harass and intimidatequot; him (Amnesty International 1999a). The officers claimed that DuBose charged at them with a pair of nunchakus sticks, a martial arts weapon that he allegedly wrestled away from one of them. Several onlookers said DuBose was shot in the back (Perry A3). To add insult to injury after shooting DuBose the officers stood over his body for more than ten minutes before calling an ambulance (Amnesty International 1999c). An autopsy report revealed that DuBose wa s shot twelve times, six in the back (Perry A3). When asked to explain how a young man of DuBoses stature could end up being killed in this manner San Diegos police chief called it an isolated incident--an aberration (Jeffries, 2001) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ms.Cheng, a member of the Oct 22 Coalition say that as of 1990 more than 2000 deaths have resulted because of police brutality. In more than 30 cases suspects have been shot, killed or injured by NYC police officers in questionable circumstances in recent years. 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Many say that we should keep the police officers’ perspective in mind. Others say that these actions are due to racism or post 9/11 paranoia. Whatever the excuse may be for these cases, there should be no need for violence anywhere. Police brutality videos go viral and reveal to the world that it actually happens and that it may happen to you too. This pervades people with fear and anger because their

Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Monk - 1657 Words

The way in which author’s choose to depict their characters can reveal a great deal about not only the authors themselves but the society they lived in. In many works of British Gothic fiction, women are often omitted from the story, depicted in a negative light, or underdeveloped and easily forgotten. The novels Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson, and The Monk by Matthew Gregory Lewis, are not exception in their treatment of women. The treatment of women in these novels reveals an underlying misogyny that ultimately reduces women to no more than objects. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, is odd in that in spite of being written by a woman, the women of the story are subjected to the same treatment as the women of the other novels mentioned. One would think that as a woman, Shelly would want to empower her female characters in a way that is possible in fiction that may not be in real life. Both female characters, Elizabeth and Jus tine, are forgettable at best and the way they are introduced to us is rather telling. â€Å"Among these there was one which attracted my mother far above all the rest. She appeared of a different stock. The four others were dark-eyed, hardy little vagrants; this child was thin, and very fair. Her hair was the brightest living gold, and despite the poverty of her clothing, seemed to set a crown of distinction on her head. Her brow was clear and ample, her blue eyes cloudless, and her lips and the moulding of herShow MoreRelated Significance of Chapter 5 in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesComment on Chapter 5’s significance in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Famous writer, Mary Shelley was born in London in 1797. She was the daughter of writer William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft. Shelley’s mother sadly died while giving birth to her. This was an influence included in the later successful novel ‘Frankenstein’. 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Firstly, a short history of the Gothic novel will be presented and the most important authors and works of the era will be mentioned. Furthermore, the different characteristics of the Gothic genre will be examined in order to compare them with Stokerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²s work. Aspects like nature, surroundings, atmosphere, the role of the