Who Is to Be Blame for Macbeth’s Downfall

Macbeth is a famous tragic play written by William Shakespeare, a well-known English poet and an Elizabethan playwright, in the 1500’s. Macbeth tells about the downfall of a war hero who chose an evil path to achieve his ambition. Therefore, Macbeth is responsible for his own downfall. Although some may argue that he was influenced by the witches and his wife, Lady Macbeth, however it is his choice to act upon those suggestions, which he eventually did. So, Macbeth is totally responsible for his own downfall.Throughout the play, the witches have played a very significant role of influencing Macbeth to think and act evilly. Initially, Macbeth was a good man, a good soldier who is fiercely loyal to King Duncan and to his country, Scotland. In fact, he is a valiant warrior against who fought courageously against the Norwegian forces, where he was praised as â€Å"brave†, â€Å"noble† and a â€Å"peerless kinsman†. But the witches, through prophecy, plant a se ed in his mind that appeal to Macbeth’s superstitions and ambition to be king, â€Å"All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Glamis†¦ Thane of Cawdor†¦ that shalt be king hereafter†.These prophecies then provoked evil thoughts inside Macbeth’s mind. After Macbeth was told by Ross that Duncan had praised him with the title â€Å"Thane of Cawdor†, visions of murdering Duncan began to appear in his mind, â€Å"my thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, shakes so my single state of man that function is smothered in surmise, and nothing is, but what is not†. Other horror thoughts includes, â€Å"this is a step on which I must fall down, or else o’erleap, for in my way it lies†.After Duncan announced that his son, â€Å"Prince of Cumberland†, will succeed him to throne, Macbeth realizes that he either have to get rid of Malcolm or give up in his ambition. The witches don’t tell Macbeth what to do; but it was M acbeth himself who thinks of murder. The three witches’ intention is only to disrupt the natural order and through Macbeth, this is accomplished. From the above, it is clear that the witches are only responsible for encouraging Macbeth’s ambition and confidence but is not responsible for the killings.It is Macbeth who has killed Duncan, Banquo and Macduff’s family; therefore, he is responsible for the killings and also for his own downfall. Besides the three witches, Lady Macbeth is another major influence on Macbeth. She is manipulative and encourages Macbeth to achieve his ambition. She is portrayed as a strong, fiercely determined woman who, unlike her husband, shows no doubt of hesitation about killing Duncan. She acts quickly seeking to take advantage of the opportunity to kill Duncan, â€Å"O never shall sun that morrow see†, when Duncan decides to stay overnight at their castle.She also called upon â€Å"the spirits that tend on mortal thoughts to unsex me here†, so that she could be evil enough to commit the murder. When Macbeth preferred to be king â€Å"without my stir†, she attacked his manhood, saying, â€Å"When you broke this enterprise to me then you were a man and should you do this then you would be so much more the man†. Even though Lady Macbeth appears to be the evil mastermind behind the murdering, but in the end, it is also partly because of Macbeth’s own ambition to be king that encourages Macbeth to go into Duncan’s chamber and murders him.Besides Duncan, Macbeth has also murdered other people such as the grooms, Macduff’s family and also his best friend, Banquo. Due to that, he was later referred as a â€Å"tyrant†, a â€Å"butcher†, and a terrifying ruler of Scotland. His downfall is a result of his misuse of power, and Lady Macbeth is no longer involved. Therefore, only Macbeth himself shall be blamed for his own downfall. Even though the witches and L ady Macbeth certainly play an integral part in influencing Macbeth, but the choice is ultimately his. He could have ignored the â€Å"hags'† prophecy, like Banquo does.He did not have to share his dark desires with his wife, either. Again, it is his ambition that provokes him to do those evil deeds, â€Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent but only vaulting ambition which o’erleaps itself and falls on th’other†. Once he is bent on becoming king, Macbeth became evil and ruthless, as he is willing to kill anyone in his way, even including women, children, and his friends and countrymen. Were it not for this ambition in Macbeth's character, he would have been happy with his position of thane and never sought the throne.In the end, he has no one to blame but himself. Conclusively, it is pretty clear to the readers that Macbeth has brought his own downfall to himself. It is his lust for crown that has consumed him. Although some may argue that the witches and his wife, Lady Macbeth have influenced him at some stage, but in the end, it is Macbeth who made the decisions to kill ruthlessly, as he could have ignored those suggestions. Therefore, Macbeth should solely hold full responsible for his own downfall and not the witches or Lady Macbeth.

Dissertation on Teamwork and Customer Service Quality Essay

1.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter includes the background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, objectives of the study, research questions, and scope of the study, significance of the study, limitations of the study and operational definition of terms. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Phil (2002) team working is a group of people who work together towards a shared and meaningful outcomes in ways that combine their individual skills and abilities and for which they are all responsible. He added that a real team does not just happen but an organization has to work at it, create it, maintain and sustain it for the development and provision of quality standards and expectations to the customers. Organizations need teamwork in order to promote innovation and synergy, improve their goal achievement, promote professional development of team members, achieve time reduction targets and get cross-boundary ownership of tasks and problems. Ronald (2004) argues that customer service depends on the expectations of the individual customer. However, all attempts to define customer service tend to focus on the relationships at the buyer/seller interface. He further added that to achieve the customer service levels expected, an organization need to ensure that for each of these two categories: the systems, measurements and the people are in place to respond to each customer group or market. Juran (2000) says that quality is the degree of excellence that is fitness for the purpose. It can also mean the degree in which customer requirements are met. Quality is built at every stage and teams solve problems where everyone is responsible for the quality of the product. A customer is a person or an organization that buys goods or services from the shop, business, etc on a regular basis. Woods et al (2001) assert that customer service quality as the satisfaction of the agreed customer requirements. This means that the total customer service quality is the mobilization of the whole organization to achieve quality, continuously and economically. National curriculum Development Centre is an arm of the Ministry of Education and sports responsible for the Inter-alia development of curricula and related materials for various levels of education. The National curriculum Development Centre was established by NCDC act chapter 135, laws of Uganda Revised Edition 2000 whose history is decree No 7 of 1973. Baale(2010) a curriculum specialist in math for secondary at NCDC, team working is very crucial in the development and review of curriculum that result into the satisfaction of parents, stakeholders, learners, teachers and the general public. He emphasized that team work cannot be avoided when developing curriculum as it includes a panel composed of members from different areas such as subject specialists, practicing teachers, teachers associations, UNEB representative, ESA representative, teacher trainers especially from some Universities and employers or parents. Team work comes when a subject curriculum is being developed. In this case a panel of 18 members from various institutions sits and develops the curriculum. Baseline survey is conducted from parents, teachers and sometimes from learners which result into child based curriculum. Then pilot study of selected teachers from few schools is done and cluster meetings held by teachers who carried out pilot study. The education system preparation trains all teachers about the developed curriculum and NCDC specifies instructional materials to the ministry of education that are purchased and sent to schools where implementation starts. In a period of 5- 10 years the developed curriculum is supposed to be reviewed. Enyutu (2005) stated that available test results from a wide variety of sources had demonstrated prior to the curriculum review that a majority of Ugandan children entering primary school were failing to achieve adequate literacy and numeric standards. Dropout rates were high with only 22% of the 1997 P1 cohort progressing through to P7 in 2003. NAPE test results in 2003 indicated that only approximately 20% of P6 students achieved basic standards of literacy. The combination of these two pieces of information suggested that of the 1997 P1 entry cohort, only 4-5% achieved basic literacy. NAPE testing also revealed very large and unacceptable regional differentials particularly between Kampala and the north of Uganda. Bearing in mind the enormous efforts and the substantial investments in primary education made by the government of Uganda with strong support from its development partners over the past 10 -15 years, these outcomes were disappointing. In all cases the proposals in these related areas have been discussed with senior staff in the Ministry of education and sports departments concerned and with the agencies and development partners directly involved in primary education in Uganda and there has been a very large measure of agreement on the way ahead. Nevertheless, the primary review team did conclude that there were significant flaws in the current primary curriculum and a failure to provide both sufficient time and an adequate syllabus concentration on the achievement of early literacy and numeracy in lower primary grades was by far the most important problem that needed to be addressed. Failure to achieve basic literacy and numeracy in any language in lower primary grades inevitably has a devastating impact on educational quality and student performance in all other subjects. Failure to achieve early literacy was clearly the issue of greatest concern to parents and the wider community that emerged from the primary curriculum review research. It was also perceived to be one of the major causes of drop- outs. National Curriculum Development Centre seems to be using teamwork when executing its functions. It is against this ground that the researcher will investigate how teamwork at NCDC meets customer requirements. 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Many organizations are focusing on teamwork as a measure to improve the quality of their services delivered through brainstorming, innovation and creativity. Amidst these efforts results are not achieved due to poor coordination, lack of commitment by top management and limited funds. To address these short comings of teamwork visa-a-vie customer service quality in non profit making institutions one needs to access the level of involvement of all stakeholders in order to achieve overall performance levels (Tony 2005). NAPE (2003) report shows poor performance of children in literacy and numeracy skills in either local languages or in English due to insufficient orientation, training and support provided to teachers before the implementation of the curriculum. School supervision by the district inspectorate outside urban areas was almost everywhere insufficient to ensure good school management, the effective delivery of curriculum and regular teacher attendance. Therefore it is the interest of the researcher to know whether customer service quality is achieved through teamwork. 1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of the study will be to examine the impact of team work on customer service quality using National Curriculum Development Centre located at Kyambogo as a case study. 1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: The research objectives will be: i. To find out the benefits of using team work in organizations ii. To examine the appropriate team work techniques used in organizations to achieve customer service quality iii. To establish the level of customer service quality at National curriculum Development Centre 1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS i. Are there benefits of team work gained by National curriculum Development Centre? ii. What team work techniques does National curriculum Development Centre use to achieve customer service quality? iii. What is the level of customer service quality at National curriculum Development Centre? 1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The scope of the study will cover the subject, time, geographical and sample scope. 1.6.1 The subject Scope: The research will be limited to the impact of team work on one hand as the independent variable and customer service quality as the dependent variable. It will also focus on the achievements of team work at NCDC towards the development of curriculum for educational institutions in the country. 1.6.2 The Geographical Scope: The study will be carried out at National Curriculum Development Centre which is located at Kyambogo near Banda Trading centre off Kampala-Jinja road. NCDC will be an ideal case study because its core values include Respect and Team work, availability of well documented data, commitment to quality and Excellence. 1.6.3 The Time Scope The study will consider an operational time frame of a period of 2 years i.e. from the year 2010 to date. 1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The study is expected to be beneficial in the following ways: i. The study guides planners and policy makers in making factual decisions on serving customers which ensures that all the customers, shareholders and management needs are met satisfactorily. ii. To the academicians, this research gives recommendations for future research and may act as a reference for the entire world regarding contributions of team work on performance of organizations. iii. The study helps the government and customers to identify how team working at NCDC develop curriculum that is relevant to the future career of the learners. 1.8 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS: Team work is working together towards a shared and meaningful out come in ways that combine their individual skills and abilities and for which they are all responsible. Customer service is the satisfaction of agreed customer requirements. Quality is the degree of excellence that is the extent to which something is fit for its purpose. CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter consists of what other people have said about the researched problem. The researcher therefore reviews some of the related literature for the better insight of the problem. The chapter includes definition of key terms, impact of team work on customer service quality, benefits of team work in organizations, team work techniques and the level of customer service quality. 2.1 DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS Team work is a group of people who work together towards a shared and meaningful out come in ways that combine their individual skills and abilities and for which they are all responsible Phil (2002) .He added that real team does not just happen but an organization has to work at it, create it, maintain and sustain it for the development and provision of quality standards and expectations to customers. Ronald (2004) argues that customer service depends on the expectations of each individual customer. However, all attempts to define customer service tend to focus on the relationships at the buyer/seller interface. He further added that to achieve customer service levels expected an organization need to ensure that for each of these categories; the systems, measurement and people are in place to respond to each customer group or market. Michael (1999) stated quality as satisfying customers’ and stakeholders’ needs by means of sufficient mutually agreed deliverables that ,meet all the agreed requirements and specifications every time, on time and in affordable manner. It can also mean meeting the requirements of the deliverables that satisfy the needs which have been identified and agreed upon by customers, stakeholders and contractors. 2.2 IMPACT OF TEAM WORK ON CUSTOMER SERVICE QUALITY According to Baguley (2002), team work has a great impact on customer service quality. He raised the following points; Efficiency: Team working is important if people are to continue to be efficient members of the organization. Efficiency is whereby employee’s performance is improved up to the standards of the organizational goals. Team working helps employees to achieve maximum efficiency in their current jobs. It also helps the organization to meet its targets for developing and keeping people with the right skills to meet future needs. It applies to all levels of employees in an organization that is the strategic level, tactical level and operational level. Improved customer service: Team working involves different members of the organization working together and combining their individual skills and abilities to come up with something that is either a product or a service that will be highly accepted by the customers (Baguley, 2002). Innovation and Creativity: Sometimes teams of employees work together to develop new products or services through contributing and combining their different ideas and skills. This helps organizations to have new services for customers that eventually improve on its performance and create and sustain customers (Baguley, 2002). Allan Woods et al (2001) stated that team working requires meetings of teams, sections or departments to understand clearly who does what and ensure reliability which is the single most important aspect of delivering outstanding customer service. The teams organize themselves to take the advantage of the individual skills team members bring with them, work together as a group in ways that bring out the best results and every member of the team must be accountable to each other for the success of the whole team. Team working makes it possible to define and insist upon the maintenance of the standards on behalf of the customers and clients as most of the times customers do not specify their needs by referring to the teams’ attitudes or reliability standards but complain bitterly when the team falls below their perceived standards. Michiel and Harold (1997) observed that cross functional teams are used in new product development to shorten development cycle times, improve quality and reduce development costs. These goals are attained because the functional areas perform their tasks in groups rather than each functional area performing its task and passing the project off to the next functional area and the key functional groups usually design engineering, manufacturing, quality assurance, purchasing and marketing work on the new product and development simultaneously. Baguley (2002) said that team working involves integrating individual skills like problem solving, communication, inter personal skills, decision-making and functional skills for the desired out comes. He further added that a good executive team provides a model for everybody in the organization that encourages cooperation and commonality of purpose at all levels of the organization. An assembly team, erection team, machine shop team add value by creating tangible out comes or products which are specific and clearly defined by others and such products meet the expectations of customers. Bradfield et al (1998) are of the view that direct competition is one of the factors that make companies form development teams. They further stated that to be effective, production has to provide a means by which an organization can focus its resources to meet the needs of their chosen customers efficiently. First it is important to know where you are starting from, second is the decision on where you wish to go in future and the outcome should be a commitment by the organization to a deliberate policy on which customers to serve with products or offerings. Woods et al (2001) further observed that the essence of team working skills lies in good communication and open approach to people and ideas and that all communication skills should be used in promoting good customer service. They also noted that for any organization to meet the needs of customers there is need for team work to obtain feedback from customers and colleagues (both within and outside the organization) as well as about the need to establish planning cycles. Each cycle of planning and doing should therefore reduce the amount of uncertainties being faced and obtain feedback not simply from planning but by doing. Adair (1990) argues that innovation calls for a special form of creativity which he called team creativity. He said that all organizations are teams or at least they are potentially so. For effective production and marketing of goods and services these days, delivery on time, at the required quality and at a competitive price calls for a high performance team work. But to improve these existing products or to develop new products and services requires a different order of teamwork (team creativity). Organizations that practice team creativity will survive and prosper while those that do not will decline and disappear. All employees need to participate as each person at work has approximately 10,000 million brain cells, together with a full range of mental faculties, analyzing, synthesizing and valuing abilities. In all of us these processes can take place intentionally on a conscious plane of thought and also less intentionally in our un conscious minds, giving us insights, intuitions, brain waves, gut feelings, intimations and the occasional pear of a genuinely new idea. As a general principle people with a â€Å"hands- on† involvement in any product or service providing they have a modicum of interest in their work will tend to have new ideas for doing it better. The important thing from the motivational perspective is the feeling of being really part of the enterprise with a full share of responsibility in developing the quality of the product or service. Developing a quality team takes hard work because development of team skills, time and patience is not something you can decide to have one day, then achieve overnight. The entire organization is part of the same team working toward meeting the requirements of its customers. Whether management, front line or behind the scenes employees, everyone’s work contributes to the end result. There are also specific work unit teams (departmental) with specific goals and assignments. Teams working together can and should be responsible for identifying problems not previously recognized; finding the root causes of problems; suggesting who should work on problems; solving manpower assignments and scheduling improvements; and providing communication throughout the organization. To be effective, teams in the workplace must develop standards and skills, and then implement ongoing training and coaching to ensure they are put into practice (Anand, 1997).

This assignment requires you to address the following question in the Essay

This assignment requires you to address the following question in the form of an ; To what extent are people subordinated to systems and organisations in the 21st century - Essay Example Organization cultures have also changed from the centralized organization cultures and industrialist cultures to people oriented cultures, task cultures and role cultures which have added to the spectrum of culture in the 21st century. The employee environment is characterized by Senge’s (1990) learning organization, whereby employees are allowed to grow and learn with the organization and therefore given enough time to be able to articulate the organization’s system. Also, Morgan’s (2006) eight metaphor system whereby the organization is grouped into eight metaphors which are brought together so that the organization is seen in all its perspectives, which are: - organization as a machine, organization as organism, organization as brain, organization as culture, organization as political system, organization as psychic prison, organization as system of change and flux and organization as instrument of domination. Managers are advised to look at organizations in d ifferent perspectives according to the eight metaphors as a means to an end. The basic definition of an organization is a social unit of people assembled together to achieve and pursue common goals and objectives through division of labor. All organizations have management structures that define relationships between different individuals in the organization accordingly (Business Dictionary, 2013). Over the years there have been very many theories on how people in organizations relate to each other and the management aspects and functions of the organizations. This report therefore analyses the different organizational theories in the 21st century in relation to the subordination of people in the organization and its systems. In the 20th century, business management was categorized into six main groups: - human resource management, operations management, strategic management, marketing management, financial management and

The Cancer Cell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Cancer Cell - Essay Example For a long period, it has become clear that cancer frequently impinges on citizens who are above 50 years. Although the youthful populace also gets afflicted with such illnesses, the majority of populace suffering such ailments as cancer is the old populace (Hobson, 2009). Through the following observation, researchers have started to investigate the affiliation between biological procedures that direct disease and aging processes. Researchers have to this point been able to determine the connection between the two. Researchers have substantiated two ways of viewing the correlation between cancer and age. According to the findings provided, are that the forces that cause damage to human genes may be similar to the forces that compel both cancer and aging (Hobson, 2009). Therefore, this suggests that the processes guard against cancer, the genome and permanence. However, the second reason seems to be a bit complex concerning the correlation among the two. Naturally occurring tumor sup pressor molecules prevent the cells from reproducing or regenerating sporadically. The tumor suppressor cell provokes the fatality of the cells through a procedure regarded as apoptosis or it can shut down the cell’s ability to replicate. These two progressions produced by the suppressor molecules serve to protect the people during their reproductive periods. Therefore, as the populace gets older, the molecules abilities to guard the body through the two methods reduce. For this reason, the body becomes vulnerable to cancer attacks justifying the statement that the cancer cases are more extensive in the old people. For the young generation, the susceptibility is markedly reduced through the action of the suppressor molecules. The older people experience corporal changes that augment the probability of disease and disability and which interfere with the body’s ability to withstand cancer threats. Cancer occurs mainly because of any transformations or alterations on the oncogenes, tumor suppressor molecules and microRNA genetic material (Croce, 2008, 502). These modifications are usually somatic procedures, even though origin transmutation can dispose an individual to genetic or ancestral cancer. In cancer, a single alteration may not be sufficient to initiate cancer instead, cancer development is a multistep progression with alterations occurring in oncogenes (Croce, 2008, 502). Oncogenes are proteins that predetermine for the control of cell propagation, apoptosis or even the two processes. These genes are activated by structural transformations that originate from mutations or amplification (Croce, 2008, 503). Chromosomal reorganization, transmutations and gene extension, help in activation of oncogenes presenting an enlargement benefit or amplified continued existence of cells bearing such variations. In cases where, the oncogenes are activated by mutations, the preset protein is altered structurally in ways that allow for its transforming acti on. Myc is a replication regulator and its genes are usually translocated from the original chromosome to another chromosome. Chromosomal translocations help in joining the cellular oncogene together with immunoglobin that are believed to be vital, in the initiation of the oncogenic progressions in the developments of certain cell types. The translocation can be considered essential in essence, that it helps in the study of the means, heredity and biological outcomes of the translocations.

Compare and contrast positivism and classicism and outline thier role Essay

Compare and contrast positivism and classicism and outline thier role as an explanation for criminal behaviour in Ireland - Essay Example Finally, role of both theories in determining criminal behavior in Ireland is studied. Classical and positivist school of thought are basic part of early criminological development. Cesare Beccaria proposed Classical perspective which was inspired by â€Å"On Crimes and Punishment† in 1764. He was concerned about reforming the brutal ways of punishment for bad deeds prevailed throughout Europe. He was a man of law who believed in philosophical and procedure based punishment that can provide moral support for criminal justice. According to Classical school of thought, man is a rational being who is blessed with free will. This knowledge and sense of choice enables man to judge the good or bad and its consequences for everyone including himself. Man is fully capable to understand and avoid crime considering the logical consequence of crime as punishment (O’Mahony, 2002, p.221). O’Mahony(2002) states the principles as: people should be treated equally before the law and punished only in accordance with the law; that punishment should be based on the act rather than the class of person who commits the act; the punishment should be based on a pleasure/pain reckoning so that the pain of punishment will always outweigh the pleasure to be gained from crime; and, perhaps most importantly ,that punishment should be commensurate with the seriousness of the offence and, though a prompt and effective deterrent, should be kept to the minimum†¦Most importantly, since man acts on the basis of his rational, self-regarding, cost/benefit analysis of the situation, he can be swayed to avoid crime, if he sees that it carries a high risk of appropriately severe punishment.(p.221) According to Joyce (2006), this school of thought developed from the enlightenment movements in Europe and expressed through liberalism, they believed in having society as a contract

Symbolism of Moby Dick based on outline provided Essay

Symbolism of Moby Dick based on outline provided - Essay Example With the White Whale being alluded to the greatness of Christianity --- Ahab being part of this whale --- this could be representational of the concept of the white Christian civilization utilizing slavery as a means toward global success. Captain Ahab is at the helm of Pequod setting sail with a crew coming from different races. Their purpose is to hunt the White Whale with no regard to people who might change this itinerary (Robertson-Lorant 385). Notice that the crew consists of a New England voyager named Ishmael, a South Pacific islander named Queequeg --- who comes from a place that is not seen on maps, and a possible freeman or slave cabin boy named Pip (Pettey 43). Hints about the Indian wars are seen in Melville’s work. First, Pequod is named after the exterminated tribes in 1637. Harpooners in the Pequod consists of â€Å"Aboriginal whalemen† and â€Å"unmixed Indian from Gay Head...where there still exists the last remnant of a village of red men† (Pet tey 47-8). It can be said that Moby Dick has the Indian genocide and the exploitation of workers as two of the major themes in Melville’s work. Works Cited Pettey, H B. "Cannibalism, Slavery, and Self-Consumption in Moby-Dick." The Arizona Quarterly. 59 (2003): 31-58. Print. Robertson-Lorant, Laurie. "Red Blood, White Bones: the Native American Presence in Moby- Dick." Comparative American Studies.

Inviromental changes writing assigment 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Inviromental changes writing assigment 6 - Essay Example of this is Saudi Arabia which is a nation which according to the CIA World Factbook (2010) has a total fertility rate of approximately 4 children born per woman. This is a relatively high ranking however it is also the case that the nation has a GDP per capita of approximately U.S. $20,300 which is relatively high, and when the non national labour force wage rates are removed it may be the case that the GDP per capita of nationals is much higher. However one could conclude that a great deal of this economic growth can be attributed to the large oil exports of the nation which is a significant source of revenue for the nation and its people. From another perspective one could argue that population growth negatively effects economic growth of less developed countries. In Diamond (2005) a case for how overpopulation has hindered the development of Haiti when compared to the relative economic and environmental success of its neighbor the Dominican Republic was presented. It is the case that according to the CIA World Factbook Haiti has a population that is approximately the same as the Dominican Republic but with less land and a population growth rate that is nearly double that of their neighbors to the East. With a growing population one of the most obvious concerns is the growing of food crops, in the past the nation would dedicate most of their arable land to the growing of coffee and sugar cane for sale in export markets now very little of this land is used in this regard and almost 100% is dedicated to feeding its growing population. This once viable source of revenue has now more or less dried up, and this once stabl e source of income for the government (Through taxes) has hurt the economic development of this nation. This issue is compounded for the government when the domestic population is paying less income from tax revenues. With lower revenues available for government spending one can expect a significant negative effect from brain drain as it would be

Current Economic Issues in the Asia-Pacific Region Research Paper

Current Economic Issues in the Asia-Pacific Region - Research Paper Example Japanese political administration and economic pundits are working hard to revive the ailing Japanese economy. However, these efforts were not met with success yet. Economists have different opinions about the reasons of economic crisis in Japan. Some of them blame macroeconomic factors whereas others blame microeconomic factors for Japan’s economic crisis. In any case, it is a fact that the present economic climate in Japan is not so good compared to that in the 60’s and 70’s. Chris Burges, in his article, "Can Immigration Reform Really Save Japan?" argues that immigration may help Japan immensely in regaining its economic growth back on track. He has pointed out that out of the forecasted 86 million population in Japan by 2060, 40% would be over the age of 65. In other words, rising life expectancy and falling birth rates cause rapid ageing in Japan. Burges argue that without immigration, Japan may struggle to find enough labor power to meet the requirements in near future. This paper analyses the claim that immigration reform can really save Japan. According to Hidenori Sakanaka, a former director of the Tokyo Immigration Bureau, Only immigration can save Japan. He proposes bringing in 10 million migrants over 50 years (Burges). It is a fact that Japanese products are still number one in terms of quality in global market. Chinese products are dominating in global market at present, primarily because of the cheap price. On the other hand, quality conscious consumers still go for Japanese products if they are capable of spending few dollars more. In other words, higher price is the major problem which prevent Japanese products from competing in international market. The major reason for the higher prices of Japanese products is the expensive labor. In other words, manpower shortage is a severe problem in Japan at present. It should be noted that China

My Goal in Life Essay Example for Free

My Goal in Life Essay At the age of 8 we change our minds about what we want to do when we grow up about every week. At the 18 and a few months away from graduating some of us still don’t know what we want to do or where we want to go in life. Excluding all of those soon to be high school graduates, I already know what I want to do after high and know where I want to go. Since the age of 10, I’ve always dreamt of being a police officer. I cant see myself doing anything other than patrolling the streets and keeping people safe. After graduating high school, Im going to go to college for at least four years. When my four years is done and after I turn twenty-one, I’m going to join the police academy. Im going to work hard and do whatever it takes to get in and pass all my tests. My goal is to be the best police office on the force. When the time comes after a couple years of patrolling, I would love to work my way up to be a special agent or maybe even be a member of the SWAT team. I know a lot of people may doubt me and a lot of people may say, â€Å"A little girl like you can’t do a job like that.† but I will prove them wrong. I want to be able to say â€Å"I did it† instead of â€Å"I tried,† Failing is not an option, the key is to never give up and push yourself as far as you can go.

Policing themselves Essay Example for Free

Policing themselves Essay In The Handmaids Tale education is highly restricted, defined by law not to allow the reading of text, therefore diminishing the progression of society on an intellectual level. The former university which once represented freedom and learning now represents regimental order. A distinct absence of education is found as the aim is to repress through the enforcement of ignorance; as Althusser would claim this is a clear ISA, education is used to direct and manipulate the handmaids. The Bible is the only form of legal reading material and the only persons allowed to access The Bible are the commanders we can be read to from it, by him, but we cannot read: this allows them to manipulate the text to suit their needs. Give me children, or else I die. The careful selection and manipulation of material is used to try to promote procreation. The use of religious text from The Bible can be seen as the regimes way of legitimising their actions. Offred realises that the next generation of Handmaids will be more docile because they will have no memories of other possibilities. The stark contrast between Offred the librarian and Offred the Handmaid is used to emphasise how repression has been enforced through the use of literary freedom. Language too is subtly used with links to the old testament the Angels and Eyes are respectively derived from the Guardian Angels and Eyes of the Lord; this subtle insertion of biblical references helps to create the overall feeling of containment; a sharp contrast with the lack of intellectual and educational language which is deliberately removed. In both novels education is a restrictive force however, in Hard Times education takes on a different form of repression. Hard Times uses education as an enforcing presence children are brought into education from an early age, facts, facts and more facts are driven into the mindset of all, therefore firmly placing them within the machine of capitalism. Bitzer is the example of this as he becomes trapped within the system. This shows the strength of education as an ISA; by being embodied in education he knows nothing of life and how to succeed without facts, he knows of no way out of the system imposed upon him by those in power. He himself says, We are so constituted. I was brought up in this catechism when I was very young, sir, as you are aware. Here Bitzer points out that the system of education prevents any way out, distilling the human instincts of capital gain. In comparison this sense of having no way out from repression is shown by the image clusters in the language of Atwoods novel (hands/feet/faces/eyes/blood/wombs) this language works in opposition to the polluted biblical manipulation of the regime and shows the only way out for Offred is through her imagination. Imagination has been removed from Bitzer in Hard Times through education; he has been depersonalised in a way which is also very evident within Atwoods novel through RSAs. Depersonalisation is enforced by the state in The Handmaids Tale with the uniform that the Handmaids are forced to wear the uniform represses sexuality and sensuality. The skirt is ankle length, the breasts a flat yoke. The similitude of the uniform eradicates individualism to the extent that Offred begins to consider herself as we: Shes like my own reflectionfrom which I am moving away. This implication that she is losing touch with her identity by moving away highlights the success of this repressive force. The uniforms worn can be associated with uniforms of armies and law-enforcers such as the police. In this way it can be interpreted that by wearing set uniforms the handmaids are policing themselves. As Dickens uses his novel to strengthen the theory of Benthamism Atwood too uses techniques like the manipulation of uniforms to make a social statement. Living through the 1960s/70s Atwood witnessed the liberation of women in the U.S. and the wider civil rights movements around the globe such as racial equality. The uniforms are just one example of how Atwood is showing the dangers of pursuing a regime of unfair liberation. We can see the success of the uniforms as a repressive force through the change in Offreds nature when I take my clothes off. Only when the uniform is removed at night does Offred seem to escape from the regime imposed upon her; the night is mine shows how she feels about night, her only chance to feel free without a loss of identity. A similar lack of identity is shown in Hard Times through the use of colour. The colours of the town are black and red due to industrial smog. Dickens compares this assimilation of the natural colour of brick with the painted face of a savage, implying that like a savage industrialisation is cruel, barbaric and uncultured. This image of casing nature runs throughout the novel through the use of colour symbolisation. Dickens associated richness of colour with the preservation of life and individuality; neither black nor white are considered as colours therefore Coketown dismisses the idea of individuality by containing people within strict structures like the structural presence of Atwoods uniforms. Utilitarianism has robbed the town of the ability to speak; public inscriptions which are used to voice the needs of the people are black and white therefore they are devoid of any identity; they lack the capacity to provoke change. Colour is used to an extent in The Handmaids Tale to highlight repression women appear to wear set colours, the Handmaids red, the wives blue. I never looked good in redthe colour of blood, defines us. Offred highlights that they are defined and restricted by colour, they are there for a purpose; reproduction. The sarcastic tone represents an attempt to use humour to redress repression. The colour red links also to blood; several links are made to blood, most notably is the blood from the unknown people hung from the wall red is a constant reminder of where their fate could lie. Colour is used to dismiss individuality, yet it is much bolder in Atwoods novel through the images of blood. People are part of the production line, with no lawful means of expressing needs. Stephen Blackpool is used by Dickens as an example of a worker trapped within his class through the laws and structures of society: wishing for divorce he says I mun be ridden o her. As Bounderby highlights, money is the decisive factor: in this capitalist society everything is bound by wealth. There is such a lawbut its not for you at allyoud have to get an act of Parliament. For the working class there is no way of expressing their views, they do not have the power to use the system to their benefit, therefore they remain stuck within their repressed class. In my opinion Dickens highlights this so clearly as he is trying to make a political statement socialism was developing through the mid 19th Century and was popular amongst Dickens target audience, the middle class intellectuals. The novel acts as a political devise for issues of the time. Acts of individualism within this class is likewise repressed. Blackpools decision to abstain from the union leaves him a man on whom unequal laws have fallen heavy; he is compared with Judas Iscariot by his own class showing how individualism is repressed from all levels. The extremity of Blackpools act of abstention is shown by his banishment and need to change his name to acquire work. This brutal act of banishment hangs over the Handmaids too.

Manufacturing and storage of Khoa

Manufacturing and storage of Khoa ABSTRACT Khoa is a traditional dairy product which is produced in India by both organized and unorganized sector. It is the base for various traditional sweets manufactured in India. Apart from the traditional method of manufacturing khoa many methods were developed recently for the manufacture and storage of it. In the present essay I had mentioned about various technologies available for manufacture and storage of khoa. INTRODUCTION According to the National Dairy Development Board, India the annual production of milk during the year 2007-2008 is 104.8 million tonnes. India has two types of sectors for the marketing of milk and its products, one is organized sector and another is unorganized sector. The unorganized sector accounts for 88% of total milk production in India and it includes marketing of raw milk and traditional products such as locally manufactured ghee, fresh cheese, and sweets. The organized sector accounts for 10-12% of total milk production in India and it includes the dairy cooperatives and organized private dairies which produces Western-style dairy processed products based on pasteurization. The share of organized sector in the total milk production handling is increasing by the years (FAO, 2002).In India out of all dairy products consumed traditional products account for over 90 percent. In order to protect the surplus milk from spoilage simple processes were developed to produce products like curds (yoghurt-like fermented product), Makkhan (butter), Khoa (desiccated milk product), Chhana and Paneer (soft cottage cheese-like cultured product) and Ghee (clarified butter) (FAO, 2001). And nearly 7% of milk produced in India is converted to khoa (ICMR, 2000). KHOA MANUFACTURING PROCESS In India khoa is traditionally manufactured by continuous boiling of milk in a shallow iron or stainless steel vessel to remove moisture and the process continues till the total solid level is attained in the range of 65 to 72% (Pal and Raju, 2006). As per the Prevention of Food Adulteration (PFA), India (1955) rules, khoa sold by whatever variety or name such as Pindi, Danedar, Dhap, Mawa, or Kava which is obtained from cow or buffalo (or goat or sheep) milk or milk solids or a combination there of by rapid desiccation and having not less than 30 per cent milk fat on dry weight basis. The Bureau of Indian Standards has given the requirements for three types of khoa, viz. Pindi, Danedar and Dhap in terms of total solids, fat, ash, acidity, coliforms and yeast and mold counts (Indian Standard (IS): 4883, 1980). A minimum fat level of 5.5 in buffalo milk is required to achieve the PFA standard. Khoa has been categorized into three major groups i.e. Pindi (for Burfi, Peda), Dhap (Gulabj amun) and Danedar (Kalakand) on the basis of composition, texture and end use. KHOA MANUFACTURING PROCESS CHEMICAL ASPECTS Khoa contain 75-80% moisture, 25-37% fat, 17 -20% protein, 22-25% lactose, and 3.6-3.8% ash (Aneja et al. 2002).The milk is subjected to high heat temperature during the manufacture of khoa which initiates number of physico-chemical changes resulting in characteristics sensory, textural and structural properties in khoa. The continuous heating will reduce water activity, inactivates various milk enzymes and destroy pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms apart from development of desirable flavors and texture. The heating process promotes the denaturation and coagulation of milk proteins and the process is more rapid due to frothing and incorporation of air by continuous stirring (Sindhu et al. 2000). The disruption of fat globule membrane and subsequent release of free fat that account for 44.8-62.8 percent of total fat in khoa occurs due to vigorous agitation during heating process of milk (Mann and Gupta, 2006). Adhikari et al. (1994) has studied the interaction between milk macrom olecules during heating of buffalo milk using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and observed casein-casein, casein-whey protein and casein-lactose interaction with gradual heating of milk. The khoa made with buffalo milk and milk of high total solid will have more brown colour in the end product and this is due to browning reactions (Gothwal and Bhavdasan1992). Patil et al. (1992) has investigated khoa microstructure using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and revealed that khoa consists of larger protein granules made up of partially fused casein micelles and non-micellar proteins. They also observed reduction in the size of protein granules and inter-granular space during working or agitation of khoa manufacture process and it also resulted in large amount of fat globules membrane fractions. FACTORS AFFECTING KHOA QUALITY Type of milk: Buffalo milk is generally used instead of cow milk for the manufacture of khoa due to its higher yield, softer body and smooth texture. The khoa manufactured from cow milk have dry surface, yellow colour, sticky and sandy texture (Pal and Gupta, 1985). Amount of free fat: An optimum amount of free fat is necessary for desirable body and textural properties of khoa(Boghra and Rajorhia ,1982). Total solid level: There is significant positive correlation between total solid level milk and instrumental hardness, gumminess and chewiness of khoa (Gupta et al., 1990). Working of Khoa: The formation of large lactose crystals can be reduced through working of khoa when compared to un-worked khoa and working results in no perceived sandiness upon storage. EQUIPMENTS USED IN KHOA MANUFACTURING PROCESS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Khoa is generally manufactured by halwais in jacketed kettles, which has several disadvantages like poor and inconsistent quality and limited shelf life of about 5 days at 30 °C (International Conference on Traditional Dairy Foods, 2007).Most attempts made for up-gradation of the technology of khoa are directed towards mechanization of the process and developing continuous khoa making plants (Aneja et al., 2002). Agrawala et al. (1987) has developed mechanized conical process vat for preparation of khoa. It consists of a stainless steel conical vat with a cone angle of 60 ° and steam-jacket partitioned into 4-segments for efficient use of thermal energy and less heat loss.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Due its batch type of operation, it is suitable only for making limited quantities of the product. National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) which is situated at Anand (Gujarat), India has developed an Inclined Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger (ISSHE) for continuous manufacture of khoa (Punjrath et al., 1990). Concentrated milk of 42 to 45% total solids is used as feed in this machine and its inclination permits the formation of a pool of boiling milk critical to formation of khoa. Thin Film Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger (TSSHE) system has developed by Dodeja et al. (1992) at NDRI for the continuous manufacture of khoa and it consists of two Scraped Surface Heat Exchangers (SSHE) which are arranged in a cascade fashion. In this machine milk is concentrated in first SSHE to about 40-45% Total Solids and finally to khoa in the second SSHE. But feed for this unit is buffalo milk and thus rendering it suitable for organized small and large dairies and entrepr eneurs which is not in the case of Inclined Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The capacity of both TSSHE and SSHE is about 50 kg khoa per hour and many organized dairies have adopted these continuous khoa making machines. Three-stage continuous khoa manufacture unit has been developed by Christie and Shah (1992). It has three jacketed cylinders placed in a cascade arrangement which helps in easy transfer of milk from one cylinder in to other and it works as heat exchanger. The heat exchangers are installed with a mechanism of providing inclination and the slope allows the movement of the contents in longitudinal direction. The unit has a variable pulley drive which helps in speed adjustment and it is highly bulky requiring too much flooring area. (Pal and Cheryan, 1987) and (Kumar and Pal, 1994) have implemented Reverse osmosis (RO) technique for the manufacture of khoa from cow milk and buffalo milk respectively. This process comprises pre-concentration of milk (2.5-fold for cow milk and 1.5-fold for buffalo milk) using RO proc ess followed by desiccation in a steam-jacketed open pan for the manufacture of khoa.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The final product obtained by this membrane process was found to be identical to the conventionally prepared product. This process saves energy during the initial concentration of milk. In order to make this process continuous jacketed pan should be replace with SSHE. Different workers incorporated whey solids in the form of whey protein concentrate (WPC) in the milk and reported that increased addition of WPC in the milk resulted in large granulation in khoa and increased yield (Dewani and Jayaprakasha, 2002). FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT ISSUES DURING KHOA STORAGE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Due to higher nutrients and high water activity (.96),Khoa is easily Susceptible to growth of bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus are the main contaminating micro organisms in khoa and they cause many food-borne diseases. To prevent and reduce microbiological hazard from khoa HACCP should be applied. The microbial quality of Khoa is initially good during production time and it will gradually deteriorate during storage and marketing. The main Critical Control Point for the deterioration was identified as airtight packaging. This problem can be solved through changing the packaging material to muslin cloth which allows free air flow, reduced the microbial proliferation (ICMR, 2000). METHODS TO INCREASE STORAGE LIFE OF KHOA   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The storage life of khoa is only two to three days, under ambient conditions, and 15-20 days under refrigerated conditions (Ramzan and Rahman, 1973). Rancidity is one of the reason which deteriorates quality of khoa and it adversely a?ects storage life of khoa (Bashir et al., 2003).Addition of potassium sorbate e?ectively improves the storage life of khoa at higher temperatures. Jha and Verma(1988) have observed increased storage stability of khoa for 40 days by addition of potassium sorbate. Other workers also stated that the storage life of khoa can be enhanced by using di?erent types of food preservatives and antimicrobial agents (Wadhawa et al., 1993). At elevated temperatures the storage stability of freshly prepared khoa can be adversely a?ected. By measuring free fatty acids, peroxide value and iodine value we can determine storage stability of khoa. The free fatty acid, peroxide and iodine values for freshly prepared khoa were 0.025%, 0.38 meq/ kg and 80, respectively. The increase in free fatty acid and peroxide value and decrease in iodine value are the indicators of development of rancidity in khoa during three months of storage at elevated temperature. By adding BHA and BHT we can retard the development of rancidity in khoa on storage. But, BHT will act comparitively better than BHA. Therefore, we can increase the storage stability of khoa by adding synthetic antioxidants like BHA and BHT at elevated temperatures (Rehman and Salariya, 2005). CONCLUSION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although so many technologies are developed for the production and storage of khoa, there is a still a need of investigation of chemical and physical aspects during manufacturing of khoa in order to understand factors responsible for quality. And all the known technologies of manufacturing of khoa should be transferred to small holder farmers who are the major contributors of milk production in India .So that they can increase their prices of products by producing products which will meet the modern quality standards. REFERENCES: Adhikari.A.K., Mathur.O.N. and Patil.G.R. (1994). Interrelationships among Instron textural parameters, composition and microstructure of khoa and gulabjamun made from buffalo milk, Journal of Food Science and Technology, 31 (4) .pp.279-284. Agrawala .S. P., Sawhney.I. K. and Bikram Kumar. (1987). Mechanized conical process vat. Patent No. 165440. Aneja.R. P.,Mathur.B. N., Chandan.R. C.,and Banerjee.A. K.(2002). Technology of Indian milk products, 1st Ed.,Dairy India Year Book, Delhi.pp.126-128. Bashir.N. Rehman. Z. U., Syed. Q. Kashmiri.M. A. (2003). Effect of potassium sorbate on the physicochemical characteristics of milk concentrate (khoa) during different storage conditions. Pakistan Journal of Scientific Research, 55.pp. 103-109. Boghra.V. R. and Rajorhia.G.S. (1982). Utilization of pre-concentrated milk for khoa making, Asian Journal of Dairy Research. 1.pp.6 -12. Christie. I. S. and Shah,.U. S. (1992). Development of a three stage khoa making machine. Indian Dairyman.44 (1).pp. 1 4. Dewani. P. P. and Jayaprakasha. H. M. (2002). Effect of addition of whey protein concentrate on physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of khoa and khoa based sweets, Journal of Food Science and Technology.39 (5).pp.502 506. Dodeja.A. K., Abichandani. H., Sarma.S. C. and Pal.D. (1992). Continuous khoa making system design, operation and performance, Indian Journal of Dairy Science. 45(12).pp. 671 674. FAO.(2001).Report on the FAO E-mail Conference on Small-scale Milk Collection and Processing in Developing Countries. Chapter 3, pp .15. FAO. (2003).A Review of Milk Production in India with Particular Emphasis on Small-Scale Producers,pp.6. FAO. (2002). Annex I: Critical issues for poor people in the Indian dairy sector on the thresold of a new era. Gothwal.P.P. and Bhavadasan.M. K. (1992). Studies on the browning characteristics in dairy products, Indian Journal of Dairy Science, 45 (3).pp. 146-151 Gupta. S.K., Patil.G.R., Patel. A.A., Garg.F.C. and Rajorhia.G.S. (1990). Instron texture profile parameters of khoa as influenced by composition, Journal of Food Science and Technology, 27 (4).pp. 209-213 http://nddb.org/statistics/milkproduction.html http://www.dairyforall.com/indian-khoa.php Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). (2000). Application of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point for improvement of quality of processed foods,Vol. 30, No. 5. International Conference on Traditional Dairy Foods. (2007). National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India), pp. 29. Jha.Y. K. Verma.N. S. (1988). Effect of potassium sorbate on the shelf life of khoa, Asian Journal of Dairy Research, 7.pp. 195-198. Kumar. S. and Pal.D. (1994) . Production of khoa from buffalo milk concentrated by reverse osmosis process, Indian Journal of Dairy Science. 47(3).pp.211 214. Mann.B. and Gupta.A.( 2006). Chemistry of milk in relation to manufacture of traditional dairy products,In compendium of Developments in traditional dairy products, Centre of Advanced Studies in Dairy technology, NDRI, Karnal. pp.12-17. Pal.D. and Cheryan.M. (1987). Application of reverse osmosis in the manufacture of khoa: Process optimization and product quality, Journal of Food Science and Technology, 24(5).pp. 233 238. Pal.D. and Gupta.S. K. (1985). Sensory evaluation of Indian milk products, Indian Dairyman, 37(10).pp. 465-474. Pal.D and Raju.P.N. (2006). Developments in the manufacture of heat desiccated traditional milk desserts,In compendium of Developments in traditional dairy products, Centre of Advanced Studies in Dairy technology, NDRI, Karnal. pp.18-25. Patil.G.R. Patel.A.A., Allan-Wojtas. P. and Rajorhia. G.S. (1992). Microstructure and texture of khoa, Food Structure, 11:155. Punjrath.J.S., Veeranjamlyala.B. Mathunni.M. I., Samal.S.K. and Aneja.R. P. (1990). Inclined scraped surface heat exchanger for continuous khoa making. Indian Journal of Dairy Science. 43(2).pp.225 230. Ramzan. M., and Rahman.R. U. (1973). E?ect of storage time and temperature on the quality of cow milk khoa, Pakistan Journal of Science, 25.pp. 149-154 Sindhu. J.S., Arora .S. and Nayak. S. K.( 2000). Physico-chemical aspects of indigenous dairy products, Indian Dairyman, 52 (10).pp. 51-64. Wadhawa. B. K., Gandhi. D. N., and Goyal.G. K. (1993). Enhancement in the shelf life of khoa,Indian Food Packer, 47.pp.5-53. Zia-ur Rehman and A.M. Salariya.(2005).E?ect of synthetic antioxidants on storage stability of Khoa a semi-solid concentrated milk product , Food Chemistry 96 (2006) .pp.122-125.

Incompetent Job Performance In Public Service Essay -- Work Employment

Incompetent Job Performance In Public Service Historically public employees have been viewed by the general public as being overpaid, inefficient, ineffective and unresponsive to the needs of the public. The news media’s constant reporting of scandals, financial misappropriations and unethical behavior in the public service further substantiate the growing lack of confidence the public has in the competence of public service organizations. In 1989 the National Commission on the Public Service, the Volcker Commission, reported that the need for competence and trustworthiness in public service was steadily growing not diminishing. (Nigro, 9) The goal of the Volcker Commission was to identify the necessary changes to personnel policies and practices that would counteract the increasing public lack of confidence in the ability of public service organizations to satisfy public demands. Many local governments that experienced the budget cuts, fiscal restraints and organizational turmoil of the 1990’s have determined that to enhance their competence, gain public trust and to avoid future financial difficulties, it is imperative that the staff of public service organizations become more professional, better trained and responsive to public needs. Managers in public service organizations have a vitally important role in the effort to create competence and gain public trust. Traditionally, the job of a manager has been defined as one who keeps things going in an organization. Generally the focus of a manager is on monitoring, directing and refining the current performance of the organization. (Whetten, 14) A manager gets things done through people. Leaders are those who establish the vision and set the direction of t... ...ers, Inc., 1996 5. Nigro, Lloyd G., Felix A. Nigro. The New Public Personnel Administration. Itasca, Illinois: F. E. Peacock Publishers, Inc., 1994 6. Scott, Michael P. â€Å"7 PITFALLS for MANAGERS WHEN HANDLING POOR PERFORMERS and HOW TO OVERCOME THEM† February 2000 Online. Available: http://web5.infotrac-college.com/wadsworth 7. Segal, Jonathan A. â€Å"Performance Management For Jekyll and Hyde† February 1999 Published in HR Magazine, Legal Trends. Online. Available: http://www.wolfblock.com 8. Vaughan, Susan. â€Å"Rethinking Employee Evaluations† Los Angeles Times, 8 April 2001 Work Place, Part W, Page 1 9. Whetten, David A., Kim S. Cameron. Developing Management Skills, 4th ed. New York: Addison-Wesley Inc., 1998

A View From The Bridge - What makes a view from the Bridge good :: English Literature

A View From The Bridge - What makes a view from the Bridge 'good' theatre.What techniques does Miller use to create dramatic impact and meaning. Question 2: What makes a view from the Bridge 'good' theatre. What techniques does Miller use to create dramatic impact and meaning Miller uses very clever techniques throughout 'A View from the Bridge'. As most of his plays will show you, he likes to focus his work on different groups in society. In this particular play, he writes about Latino Americans, and there struggle to survive in the Bronx. Characterisation is a key factor to creating tension in 'A view from the Bridge'. Miller uses a lawyer, Alfieri, as a narrator. Alfieri appears at different stages to explain the situation in more detail, he addresses the audience. By doing this the audience begin to trust him, and are more likely to believe what he says. This makes the audience feel more involved, and thus they are more inclined to pay attention. Alfieri links the action between the scenes. He bridges the gap between audience and play. Yet again, this bridge makes the people watching feel more involved. When Alfieri opens the play, he is very light hearted and appears respectable: "You wouldn't have known it, but something amusing has just happened. You see how uneasily they nod to me? That's because I am a lawyer." This beginning makes the audience feel at ease. The audiences first impressions of Alfieri are positive, with him wearing a suit and appearing 'good-humoured' and 'thoughtful'. This trail of thought continues throughout. Alfieri is used as a dramatic device, and not as a person In this play. Although, he does participate in this piece. He smoothly glides between narrator and actor: Stage directions: [Alfieri pauses, looks down at his desk, then to Eddie as though he were continuing a conversation with him] Miller uses complex stage directions which although hard for the character, if performed correctly, produce great theatre. In this particular path he makes Alfieri address the audience before gliding

Patient Care

â€Å"I expect to pass through life but once. If therefore, there be any kindness I can show, or any good thing I can do to any fellow being, let me do it now, and not defer or neglect it, as I shall not pass this way again. † William Penn (1644-1718) There are many ways to define patient care in my own words. Doing my job to the best of my ability not only for myself but the patients that are in my care is of the utmost importance.My dedication to my work is defined by my ability to communicate effectively, actively listen, treat the patient with respect, respect their autonomy and take part in the environment I provide care in. By defining my personal point of view on what good patient care is I am setting my own standards to which I will strive to achieve in work and in life. Communication is in my opinion is the most important thing I can do to provide quality patient care. Being an effective communicator has many aspects to it.One is to help the patient feel like a human and not another test or number. Calling the patient by their name. Always talk directly to the patient and not â€Å"about† the patient. Give appropriate explanations about the procedure and explain what will be happening before, during and after the procedure. Answer any questions to the best of my ability and provide answers or solutions to ones I may not be able to answer, Follow up. Communication is not just speaking but actively listening, is not only verbal but also physical.Looking someone in the eye when engaging in conversation is a great way to show you are listening. Hearing a patients worries and concerns and maintaining a calm composed presence can help ease their fears. Not taking a patients anger personally. I know that they do not want to be where they are and probably have many concerns. It is my job to be professional and not react to someone who may be rude or angry due to circumstances that have nothing to do with me. Practicing patience is an important sk ill to develop and hone in the health care field.Involving a family member or whomever the patient may have brought for support is a good idea. Asking the patient if they would like that person or family member to be in the room during the procedure is a great way to relieve any stress they may have going in. Taking the time to listen and hear the patient while having understanding even in the most undesirable situations is my job as a health care worker. Another Important aspect is my dedication to my work. Making sure my room is clean and organized. Ensuring that every piece of equipment in my care is clean and working properly.Ensuring the patient is covered and offering a blanket in a cold exam room is one way to make them feel comfortable. Offering a glass of water if a patient is thirsty. Whatever I am able to provide to make the patient more at ease I will. A reassuring smile and a squeeze of the hand may be all they need. Lastly Respect. To respect a patient concerns, questi ons, family, morals, values and religion is important to providing a quality of care that truly puts the patient first. Patient care has many different definitions, not one answer is wrong or more right than another.It is important to consider what it means to me as an individual, as well as an employee that represents where I work and to take responsibility for creating a good patient care atmosphere. Patient care to me is always putting the patient first. The patients’ needs, concerns and autonomy all have to be respected. I can only hope that in my time as an ultra sound technician that I can provide the quality patient care that I would want given to my family or myself. As Mr. Penn said, be kind and do good things because we only get one chance.

Frankenstein and Exploration

Frankenstein and Exploration â€Å"Curiosity killed the cat. † This phrase is used in reference to children, animals, and even adults. With cats, curiosity often leads to exploration. The phrase refers to a negative experience with exploration. A negative experienced exploration would be, for example, a stray cat that has found a family’s full garbage can to rummage through. Some people do not tolerate cats in their garbage cans, let alone cats themselves. This could get the cat in serious trouble or even killed.On the other hand, an example of a positive experienced exploration for a stray cat is finding a good home with a family who takes care of the cat and accepts it into their home. The positive and negative aspects of exploration have many different outcomes and consequences not just for cats, but for people or even other beings as well, depending on the kind of explorations. Exploration is defined as the act of investigating unknown regions. The unknown regions c ould be a physical place in the world, a place in the imagination, or even the acquiring of knowledge.Positive explorations are the most thought of aspects of exploration itself. They lead to great achievements in life for those who pursue it. As for negative explorations, they do not lead to great things. Sometimes acquiring too much knowledge can impact someone or something in a negative way, causing very bad consequences in their life. Exploring is mostly caused by a want of knowledge. Many great people in history are famous because of their strive for knowledge, causing them to go on a great exploration. The there are people like Victor Frankenstein.He wanted so much knowledge that he went above and beyond the expectation of mankind; he created life. This led to the fall of Victor Frankenstein and his creation. This is one example of how exploring can affect you in a negative way with too much knowledge. You could say that the less you know, the better off you are. Curiosity is the desire to learn about anything. This goes hand in hand with exploration. Any being that explores is more than likely curious about something they do not know. Famous explorers or even cats start out being curious.This curiosity leads to an exploration to gain the knowledge that they did not have before. Victor Frankenstein wanted to be famous. This led him to curiosity with life itself, which in turn led to exploring. He explored the ways of life and how life itself works. After all was said and done, Victor Frankenstein gained the knowledge that he nor anyone else had ever acquired. This knowledge led to his and the monster’s death. Maybe â€Å"curiosity killed the cats,† the cats being both the monster and Victor Frankenstein.Walton is striving for knowledge of what is beyond the boundaries of the ordinary way of living. He is exploring the North Pole with hopes of returning with a plethora of new knowledge. On his voyage, he encounters Victor Frankenstein at the end of Frankenstein’s journey. Walton is warned by Frankenstein to stay away from the acquiring of too much knowledge. Victor Frankenstein has been through the whole process of being curious, leading an exploration, and gaining too much knowledge. He knows that if Walton is just like he is, Walton will end up like him.Victor Frankenstein does not want to see anyone go through the misery that he was put through during his lifetime. The monster was created and then left on his own to fend for himself. He had no idea what the world consisted of and the dangers lurking everywhere he went. Much like a toddler, Frankenstein’s monster wanted to know and learn everything there was to learn in the world. He taught himself all the dangers of life, like fire and bad weather, and even how to speak and read. He acquired so much knowledge that he started looking back on his life.He hated Victor Frankenstein for leaving him to battle the world alone. He hated his creator so much tha t the monster wanted to destroy Frankenstein. If he would not have gained the knowledge like he did, the monster would not have known anything about his creator and how negatively Frankenstein treated him. The monster’s way of exploring was through this gaining of knowledge. This way of exploring is seen in many ways, making exploration a symbol for gaining knowledge, and reversely gaining knowledge is then made a symbol of exploration. Walton, Frankenstein, and the monster all had explorations of their own.Walton’s exploration was prevented by Victor Frankenstein for the good of Walton’s life. He was on his way to a negative exploration, and Frankenstein knew it. Frankenstein also knew that Walton’s exploration started with simple curiosity, much like himself. He did not want Walton going through what Frankenstein had to go through. The monster’s exploration was negative because he decided to use it in a negative way. He gained knowledge of Victor Frankenstein and decided to destroy him for making the monster’s life miserable. The monster is much like the cat.He did not have a home; he moved from one place to another often and did not stay very long near populated areas. He was always getting into other people’s stuff, like at the village. The whole village went after the monster for terrorizing the village. This is similar to a stray cat getting into a family’s garbage can. More than likely, a member of the family will chase the cat away before it does any more damage. After being rejected all his life, the monster finally gave up and committed suicide. In a way, the monster is like the cat, and curiosity definitely killed this cat.

Plot vs Character in Tragedy Essay

Q. PLOT Vs CHARACTER In Tragedy In his immortal creation Poetics Aristotle mentions six formative elements of tragedy — ‘Plot’, ‘Character’, ‘Thought’, ‘Diction’, ‘Spectacle’ and ‘Song’. And among them ‘plot’ gets the prior attention and importance. Aristotle claims ‘plot’ to be the soul of tragedy. In his view character as secondary to the plot. He in his book Poetics opines â€Å"Plot is the fundamental thing, the soul of tragedy, whereas character is secondary.† [Chap—7]. It is only in the context of describing ideal plot that Aristotle refers to character. Aristotle categorically states that there can be a tragedy without character, but there can never be a tragedy without plot. According to Aristotle, there are two kinds of plot—simple plot and complex plot. In simple plot we find only ‘peripeteia’ or the reversal of situation, and complex plot shows both ‘peripeteia’ and ‘Anagnorisis’ or the sudden discovery. Besides these main two,’ plot’ can be based on scenes of sufferings. An ideal plot is one which arouses pity and terror and brings about the outlet of emotions. But the suffering of all characters cannot arouse pity and terror. If the tragic hero is a thoroughly bad man, his sufferings will not arouse the desired tragic emotions. And if the tragic hero is a thoroughly good man, his sufferings will shock us. So the arousal of pity and terror demands the description of a person who is neither very good nor very bad. The ideal character should be a person of intermediate sort. Thus, character is subordinated to plot. Tragedy depicts actions, and not character; it is the plot which reveals the character. In the classical tragedies of Greece emphasis is certainly laid on plot. Sophocles’ King Oedipus, Aeschylus’s Agamemnon or Euripides’s Medea is really plot-oriented. But in modern or social tragedies, character is closely assimilated with the circumstances of life—with different social forces. Bradley’s definition of tragedy as a tale of exceptional calamity of a person who falls from prosperity to misery shifts our attention to character. Synge’s Riders to the sea or Ibsen’s A Doll’s House exhibits the greater prominence of characters. To sum up the above discussion we can accept the fact that a proper blending between ‘plot’ and ‘character’ is the sole requisite of a good tragedy. And a successful tragedy writer knows how to provide the  readers or the audience with the blend of these two and make them mutually contributory to each other.

“Ode to a Nightingale” and “To Autumn” by John Keats. Essay

Romanticism is a movement in literature that came as a result of a revolt against the previous period â€Å"Classicism†. John Keats was an English poet who became one of the most important Romantic poets. William Wordsworth, another significant figure during Romanticism, described it as â€Å"liberalism in literature’, meaning the artist was free from restraints and rules, and was encouraged to write about his/her own experiences, rather than being a passive narrator praising an event or person. Romanticism emphasizes on passion rather than reason, imagination rather than logic, and intuition rather than science. The Romantics were drawn to the medieval past, myths and legends, supernatural being, and nature. Keats led a very tragic life. His poems can often be related back to his bitter and sad experiences in life. Many of the ideas in Keats’s works are quintessentially of Romantic nature: imagination and creativity, the beauty of nature, magical creatures or experience, and the true sufferings of human life. â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† and â€Å"To Autumn† are two well known odes by Keats. They both reflect some of the concerns in its context. â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† explores the sufferings of mortal life and ways of escape including alcohol, imagination and poetry, and death. The nightingale represents transcendence to a better world and its song is the means by which the narrator reaches this state. Other Romantic poets often used this type of escape. In stanza I the narrator hears the song of a nightingale and he expresses his â€Å"drowsy numbness pains† which are not the effects of alcohol, but rather, from being so happy in hearing the song that his heart aches and his senses numbs. In stanza II, the narrator longs for alcohol, so he can forget his troubles and â€Å"leave the world unseen† with the bird. This leads to stanza III, with a sombre description of the human life that the nightingale has never known: â€Å"The weariness, the fever, and the fret†, â€Å"Where youth grows pale, and spectre-thin, and dies†, â€Å"Where Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes†. Miseri es and the true conditions of mortal life were popular themes in Romantic poems. In stanza IV the narrator feels a great desire to fly away with the bird, away from grim mortal life and into an ideal world not through alcohol, but  through imagination and the â€Å"viewless wings of Poesy† or poetry. In stanza VI, the narrator contemplates the idea of death. The narrator is attracted to the state of dying amongst ecstatic music, flowers, perfume and the soft darkness. At the end of stanza VII, the nightingale’s song portrays a completely magical and imaginary world. However, it is not like a paradise, instead, it is more like a destructive world of illusions â€Å"perilous seas, in faery lands forlorn†. Romantic poems often contained the fantasy element. In stanza VIII, the narrator is jolted back to his reality world by the word â€Å"forlorn†. He realizes the bird has deceived him by convincing him he can escape into the ideal, but temporary world, but in the end, he will always have to come back to reality. The narrator is left with one last question to ponder – â€Å"Was it a vision, or a waking dream? Fled is that music: – Do I wake or sleep?† After the music of the nightingale is finally gone, he is unable to distinguish whether he heard the bird in his dream, or whether he was awake then, and asleep now. The end relates back to his drowsy state of being in stanza I. This circular structure can be found in a number of Romantic poems eg. Wordsworth’s â€Å"Tintern Abbey†, Keat’s â€Å"La Belle Dame Sans Merci†, and a number of his other odes. Circularity gives a sense of completeness without giving precise explanation to this experience. This poem has many characteristics in a Romantic ode including the poet’s involvement in the poem, the seriousness of the issue being discussed, and a further insight into life. Also many language techniques used by Keats, including alliteration, rhythm, rhyme, onomatopoeia, synaethesia, and personification, were commonly used by other Romantic poets. Like most other Romantic odes, â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† is written in ten line stanzas. However, this ode is different in rhyme and rhythm. The first seven and the last two lines of each stanza are written in iambic pentameter, the eighth line of each stanza has only three accented syllables instead of five. The  rhyme scheme is the same in every stanza: ABABCDECDE. Synaesthesia is a poetic device where a thing associated with one sense is described in terms of another. It can be found in stanza II: wine is being described as â€Å"draught of vintage†, it tastes of flowers and the country green (normally associated with sight and smell), dance (movement), song (sound), and sunburn and mirth (feel and touch). Synaesthesia can also be found in stanza V where the â€Å"coming musk-rose† (touch and smell) is associated with â€Å"dewy wine† (taste). Keats uses alliteration to convey the tone and personification to dramatize the poem. Hippocrene (wine of poetic inspiration) is described as blushful, with â€Å"beaded bubbles winking at the brim†. The alliteration of ‘b’ sounds conveys energy and suggests fuzzy champagne. The repetition of soft sounds in â€Å"fade away into the forest dim† leads us to stanza III where the first three words â€Å"Fade far away† has the repetition of ‘a’ sounds, this lengthens and makes the tone subdued and melancholy. The alliteration of â€Å"fever and the fret† is followed by a series of phrases beginning with â€Å"Where†, this emphasizes the fact all these problems are associated with the mortal world. Beauty is personified here with having â€Å"lustrous eyes†. The first two words in stanza IV: â€Å"Away! Away!† renews energy after a grim stanza III. â€Å"Already with thee!† also quickens the pace. In stanza V , there are a lot of ‘s’ and ‘c’ sounds, which reflects the quiet mood. Death is personified in stanza VI, and the nightingale is personified in stanza VII. The bird is described as â€Å"not born for death†. The poem finishes in a regretful, quiet tone. The narrator and the reader are left to ponder the experience of they’ve just gone through. It ends with a mysterious note that many Romantic poems including many of Keats’s other poems also have. â€Å"To Autumn† is an ode about the real world of harvest, maturity, and fruitfulness, transfigured by the imagination. This poem was one of the last poems Keats wrote before his death. In this, Keats acknowledges his life is near the end and he accepts that beauty is in all things. The theme of this ode is one of the most popular themes used by Romantic poets. The narrator opens the poem and stanza I by addressing Autumn as a dear friend of the sun  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun†. They plot to load the vines with fruit, bend trees with apples, fill all fruit with ripeness, plump the pumpkins and fill flowers with honey for the bees. In stanza II, the narrator describes Autumn as a woman sitting on a granary floor, or on a half reaped grain field, watching juice from apples being squeezed by a cider press. Stanza III associates Autumn as the season on the brink of desolated winter, the songs and sounds of summer are sad and quiet. Our lives can be desc ribed in terms of seasons: spring is the beginning, summer is the peak, autumn is the maturing years and winter is the final stage in life. The form of this ode follows the same structure as other Romantic odes but it is varied. It is in eleven line stanzas, each in relatively precise iambic pentameter. The rhyme scheme divides each stanza to two parts, the first four lines follows ABAB, while the last seven lines either follow CDEDCCE (first stanza) or CDECDDE (second and third stanza). This poem takes up the themes of other odes including temporality, mortality and change, but it is full of warm, rich and calm images. Keats establishes the serene tone by use of enjambment (where an idea is carried over into a new line), onomatopoeia and personification. In stanza I, Autumn and the sun are given human qualities. The sun is personified by its maturity. A feeling of plentiful and abundance is created by what Autumn and the sun are conspiring to do. In stanza II, Autumn is completely personified, it is being described as a woman, sitting, sleeping, doing the things we humans do. This creates a feeling of warmth and familiarity. In stanza III, the day is personified as the â€Å"soft-dying day†, small gnats â€Å"mourn† in a â€Å"wailful choir† and the light wind â€Å"lives or dies†. These images convey a quiet, peaceful sleep (death). Keats demonstrates that in nature, there is the constant cycle of life and death and death is a perfectly normal, peaceful process. From this poem, we can learn that accepting our fate, destiny and our mortality does not affect our ability to appreciate beauty in our mortal world. Romanticism was a period that focused on emotions, the imagination, the  mortal world, myths and legends, supernatural beings and the place of the individual in this world. â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† and â€Å"To Autumn† are typical Romantic poems. Their structure, language features, and themes reflects those typical during Romanticism. â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† is about transcending to an ideal world, while â€Å"To Autumn† is about the real world changed by imagination. The moral of both is that there may be temporary escape from grimness of human life, but in the end everyone has to return to reality and accept our mortality, and this acceptance won’t affect our capability to appreciate beauty.

A Reaction Paper On A Country Doctor English Literature Essay

A Reaction Paper On A Country Doctor English Literature Essay Franz Kafka’s A country doctor is a story about a doctor who is called upon in the middle of the night to attend to a seriously ill young man .Hampered by lack of transport means and extreme weather conditions, the doctor is at pains to come up with solutions to his problems. This essay paper will attempt to systematically examine the challenges and frustrations that the doctor encounters as the story unfolds. This essay will also answer the questions as to why the story may be referred to as a nightmare as well as explore the major themes brought out in this artistic tale that is indeed a replica of Franz Kafka’s generation and the current modern society. Challenges and Frustrations The doctor is in a dilemma He is challenged by the fact that he has no means of transport to take him to the home of the gravely ill young man, ten miles away. The doctor’s horse had died due to the icy winter. â€Å"My own horse had died the previous night as a result of overexert ion in this icy winter.† The doctor is frustrated at this point because no one in  Ã‚   the village was willing to assist him. â€Å"My servant girl was at that very moment running around the village to see if she could borrow a horse but it was hopeless-I knew that.† Out of frustration the doctor risks hurting himself by kicking the pigsty’s door. â€Å"I kicked my foot against the cracked door of the pigsty which had not been used for years.† The severe weather conditions pose a challenge to the doctor too. He has to endure the chilly snowstorm to go and attend to a patient. The doctor says, â€Å"A severe snowstorm filled the space between him and me.† The doctor does not hide his dilemma when he says, † I stood there useless ,increasingly covered by snow , becoming all the time immobile.† After treating the sick young man the doctor attempts to make his way home but the once strong and fat horses are old and tired, they move at a s low rate at which the doctor feels he will never reach home. Consider, â€Å"We dragged slowly through the snowy desert like old men.† The doctor is evidently frustrated when he says, â€Å"I’ll never come home at this rate. He becomes sad when he thinks of his home which was occupied by the Groom. â€Å"In my house the disgusting groom is wreaking havoc, Rosa is his victim.† The third challenge that the doctor encounters is the Groom. The doctor does not know how to deal with this stranger. First, when the groom brutally bites Rosa on her cheeks, the doctor only threatens the groom with words and calms down at once because he wanted to borrow a horse from the groom. At that moment, the doctor is almost the groom’s slave. The groom eventually offers his horses to the doctor but decides to stay with Rosa instead of traveling with the doctor.   The doctor is therefore at crossroads. He does not know whether he should stay and protect Rosa from the brutal groom or go ahead and attend to the seriously ill Youngman. The doctor chose the later. However, as the story unfolds the frustrations of the doctor concerning this decision become apparent. Consider, â€Å"I had to sacrifice Rosa as well, this beautiful girl, who lives in my house all year long and whom I scarcely notice-this sacrifice is too great.†

Marketing Process Model by Robert J. Dolan Term Paper

Marketing Process Model by Robert J. Dolan - Term Paper Example In the context of the organisations overall business practices, 75% of total products and services are exported in more than 100 nations through its 33 international offices (EADS, n.d.). The inclusion of Airbus within its business is one of the major beneficial factors for EADS in its global aircraft manufacturing process. EADS is further recognised as the major European industrial flagship which combines the major capabilities of four main market leaders of the global aircraft industry such as Airbus, Cassidian, Astrium as well as Eurocopter [1] (EADS, 2013). From the perspective of identifying the major customer base, it can be stated that the governments as well as the private sectors across the globe which incorporate aircraft facilities for military as well as commercial purposes are its key customers. The government of the UK is one of the major customer segments for EADS in terms of acquiring aircraft services in the nation for different purposes including both in the militar y as well as in the commercial service sectors. Moreover, it has been also observed that the overseas countries such as North America, Australia, India, Russia, China, Brazil as well as Middle East Countries, apart from the UK are also the major markets for EADS to deliver its range of innovative commercial as well as military aircrafts [2] (EADS, 2013).Airbus SAS is one of the major subsidiary companies of EADS which offers several kinds of jet-liner products, including military communication aircrafts, commercial airline aircrafts.... t manufacturing as well as aerospace commercial service industry with regard to various competitive marketing tools such as Marketing Situation Analysis, STP model as well as marketing mix. 2. Major Customers around the World In relation to the business performance of the organisation, it can be witnessed that the European roots of EADS is quite stronger. However, the aerospace and defence industry based operations of EADS is one of the major considerations for the organisation which entails a range of products and services both for the European and the global markets as well. In the context of the organisations overall business practices, 75% of total products and services are exported in more than 100 nations through its 33 international offices (EADS, n.d.). The inclusion of Airbus within its business is one of the major beneficial factors for EADS in its global aircraft manufacturing process. EADS is further recognised as the major European industrial flagship which combines the major capabilities of four main market leaders of the global aircraft industry such as Airbus, Cassidian, Astrium as well as Eurocopter [1] (EADS, 2013). From the perspective of identifying the major customer base, it can be stated that the governments as well as the private sectors across the globe which incorporate aircraft facilities for military as well as commercial purposes are its key customers. The government of the UK is one of the major customer segments for EADS in terms of acquiring aircraft services in the nation for different purposes including both in the military as well as in the commercial service sectors. Moreover, it has been also observed that the overseas countries such as North America, Australia, India, Russia, China, Brazil as well as Middle East Countries, apart

Ethics in the 21st Century Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethics in the 21st Century - Research Paper Example nity and reliance among the populace from all regions, is depicted as being ambiguous or disastrous in the way of life and morals that previously established civilizations. Humankind is far from attaining the resolutions required to deal with the trans-boundary matters and setbacks that come with the growing global population. On the other hand, what appears positive is that the states of such a community require reflections on the essential facets necessary to uphold a quiet and useful community (Ethics for the 21st Century, 2001). Whereas a small community requires only a little comprehension and agreement on the governing rules and foundations on a directing set of fundamental standards to guide the process; a global community has no prevailing constitution, principles or mores that could serve as a reference. What is deficient is a global organization for governance and an ethical structure as its reference. On a global scale, this link between ethics and governance can be heard effectively from the United Nations. As conveyed in a speech by Mr. Kofi Annan, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the results of the current events awaken us that â€Å"perhaps more sharply than ever before, of the strains and stresses that accompany globalization and the need for shared global values and effective global institutions to underpin the global marketâ€Å" (1999). Still, the question remains: How will the pursued values be carried out, and how will its success for international governance be executed (Ethi cs for the 21st Century, 2001)? In a quest for a common ground by the global community, there must be room for proactive endeavor and intercultural exchange and discussion on ethics. The necessity for worldwide teamwork and solidarity on the ethical responses to existing problems are reflected in the different ethical schemes carried out by key intercontinental organizations. Nowadays, mankind witnesses unparalleled attempts worldwide encouraging expression on the

Understanding IT security and its impact to organizations Research Paper

Understanding IT security and its impact to organizations - Research Paper Example This research aims to evaluate and present Information Technology Security before the onset of mandatory regulatory compliance is considered a feature that is nice to have amongst companies. One of the primary considerations of the luck luster implementation of Information Technology Security is the cost associated in setting up even the most basic IT security configuration, the cost of ownership including its maintenance and management. However, the growing sophistication of crimes related to information obtained from records stored in computers or Information Technology Infrastructure in general elicited a second look from stakeholders. Crimes such as identity theft and the funneling of large amount of money from one account to another have made Information Technology Security not only a cause of concern but rather the primary focus of congressional inquiries. The staggering amount of money involved may have caused the collapse of some companies if not the IT security threat have b ecome the catalyst that started its demise. The cost of building the records of the company after a viral attack that deleted its entire archive is nothing compared to the losses that could set in if historical records of payments are not properly reconstructed. The cost of actual damages to clients that have become victims of identity theft because of negligent practices of safe keeping of records of a company’s clientele may include civil liabilities that can ran up to hundreds of millions and billions of dollars if put together. Information Technology Security Systems has been considered at the onset as a means to catch people with nefarious intent after they have committed the felonious act. It should be noted that the crime has already been committed in this instance. However, an in-depth study of this discipline with the implementation of a good Information Security Management System can be used to catch on the act, discourage and prevent Information Technology related crimes. The implementation of established frameworks of Information Security Management Systems combined with technology can be considered as a potent means of protecting organizations against white collar criminals. The potency or effectiveness of these Information Security Management System frameworks was even recognized by the United States Congress as a testament to its effectiveness. The frameworks have considered the employment of human assets, technology and organizational framework through the implementation of policies and procedu res to fight any attempts to circumvent the